SYNTAX

Serving Timex-Sinclair Personal Computers

A PUBLICATION OF THE HARVARD GROUP

VOL. 4 NO. 5

ISSN 0273-2696

MAY, 1983

IN THIS ISSUE

TIMEX TO SELL REPLACEMENT PARTS FOR TS1000

8K Programs

Banner Writer . 10

Personal Net Worth.... 14

Classified Ads . 22

Dear Editor . 12

Decimal to Floating

Point Binary . 8

Hardware Review

Memotech Keyboard . 17

Sun KD-81 Keyboard . 5

News, New Products

and Services . 1,2

Program Improvements .... 3 Running MC in a String

Variable . 20

Software Tips

Save on SAVE

and LOAD . 18

Subscription Info . 23

Vendor Report . 18

Users' Groups . .....22

The ZX/TS and 2716 45 0ns EPROMS . 7

Index of Advertisers

Biocal Software . 18

Brainchild Computer .... 10

Byte-Back Co . 8

Byte-Size Micro Tech. ..17

Discount Software . 5

Expense Cutters . 18

Ganhart/Earthling Inc.. 15 Gladstone Electronics .. 21

Kopak Creations . 19

Melbourne House . 7

Memotech Corp . 4

Pegasus Micro Systems... 5

R.I.S.T. Inc . 20

Suntronics Co, Inc . 11

Timex Sinclair User.... 16

Zebra Systems . 6

Zeta Computer . 9

You will be able to get Timex replacement parts for your TS1000 sometime this spring. According to Carlos Dragovich of Timex, the Little Rock, AR, facility will sell parts and schematics, probably by this May. Timex will also set up an 800-number line for inquiries.

MEMOTECH 32K-TIMEX INCOMPATIBILITY REPORTED

Readers report their Memotech 32K RAMs do not work with TS2040 printers. Memotech knows about this problem and sent a TS2040 to its British office for testing. Said Fateh of Memotech told us one customer exchanged his TS2040 for another, which does work with his 32K RAM. So far no theories on the cause.

DEFECTIVE LASERSCAN RAM REPLACEMENT AVAILABLE

Laserscan Electronics just discovered that some of their early model 16K RAM packs, produced until mid-January 1983, are defec¬ tive. These RAMs are green and carry the number CB-004 on the circuit board. Laser¬ scan will replace your early model 16K RAM free of charge. President Dennis Hawkins says the new RAM, smaller and white, has no reported problems. He adds you can, get a free listing of Laser scan's ZX81 Disassembler and Tic Tac Toe programs for an SASE. Laser¬ scan Electronics, 2305 Broadway, Riviera Beach, FL 33404, 305/842-4255/

NORRIS ELECTRONICS BACK IN SLIDELL

We reported incorrectly that Norris Electron¬ ics moved to Metairie, LA (Apr. 83). Tracy is at his former 144 Terry Dr., Slidell, LA, address. Please don't call his beleaguered relative at the Metairie number. Contact Eileen Linker, Office of Consumer Protection, POB 44091 Capitol Station, Baton Rouge, LA 70804-4091, 504/925-4401 for complaints.

1

NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Timex announces new 2-16K software for kids and adults, $9.95-$19.95 , available in retail stores: IRA Planner, Home Improvement Planner, Ator the ABC Gator, Punctuation Master, Geometry I, Algebra I and II, Frogger and Stock Market Game.

J.V. Kane's system to measure vol¬ tages, temperatures complete ana¬ log-digital computer systems in¬ clude 64K TS1000 with ZX printer, assembler, disassembler, utilities, A/D input/output routines, TV or monitor, recorder, 8 analog inputs and outputs with 8-bit resolution and 2ms read time. $1000. J.V. Kane and Co., 109 Ardmore Ave., Ardmore, PA 19003, 215/649-1782.

Silicon Valley North of Hammond, IN (where smokestacks meet RAM packs) , offers ZX/TS education software.

Its menu-driven first program, GRADEBOOK, is sophisticated, flexi¬ ble and friendly, says president R. Boltuck. User club discounts.

Free catalog and simulated output for SAE. Tape with documentation, $7.95 plus $1 P&H. Silicon Valley North, POB 2442, Hammond, IN 46323.

Data Storage and Display System gives you graphing capabilities in a data storage program. Enter data then recall it as a tabular list or graph. Either display gives a summary of highest and lowest points, closing point, file number and title, file sum and mean score. Menu-driven. On tape, $14.75 plus $1.25 P&H. ZX-Panding, POB 25, Newton, NC 28658.

Mutual Fund Advisor helps you buy and sell no-load mutual funds. 16K tape, listing, instructions and sample data, $12.95 plus $1.25 P&H. 16K Compute helps you work with math or statistics. $14.95 plus $1.25 P&H. Both by Rolf Miller, from Computer Engineering Services, POB 1222, Show Low, AZ 85901.

Handy utilities from M-Ware: ZX to ASCII code, decimal-hex-binary and degrees-radians conversions, plot sine, parabola and circles, and memory remaining. Tape plus in¬ structions, $11.95. M-Ware, Garnet Ridge Road, Rt.l, Hiram, GA 30141, 404/445-6544.

Virtuoso, a 2K music synthesis program, offers 10-octave range, 150-note length, whole to 32nd and dotted notes and rests. It plays through TV, amplifier or AM radio. Tape and instructions (includes coding from written music for non¬ musicians), $6.95 (no P&H in US).

W. D. Maples, 688 Moore St., Dept.

X, Lakewood, CO 80215.

Find pinouts for virtually all 54/7400 TTL ICs on a single card. Two-sided, two-color card of du¬ rable plastic covers part number, family type, description and pinout in compact tabular format. $5.95 plus $1 P&H. Micro Logic Corp.,

POB 174, 100 Second St., Hacken¬ sack, NJ 07602, 201/342-6518.

SL-6 Shift lock kit for ZX/TS/ MicroAce computers gives one-finger typing. Tap the adjustable touch- sensitive contact and SHIFT key holds for 3-5 keystrokes. LED in¬ dicates SHIFT on. Kit (SL-6 mod¬ ule, capacitor, LED) $17.46 ppd first class. BC-80 blinking cursor module for ZX80S causes normal and syntax error cursors plus various graphics to blink, $17.46 ppd. 1st class. Kaltek Calculator Technolo¬ gy, Box 7462, Rochester, NY 14615, or Box 971, Adjuntas, PR 00601.

Design and print upper/lower case, special foreign language letters, or any new characters. 20K program requires 64K RAM and ZX printer.

On tape with two keyboard overlays and instructions, $22.50 money order or check (five-week delivery on check orders). J.J. Castillos, POB 7274 Station A, Toronto, Ont. Canada M5W 1X9.

2

Two new program listings: Madame Ruby simulates artificial intelli¬ gence in matters of life, love and health. 16K listing, $5. Arcade games package gives two 16K list¬ ings, Tic Tac Toe and Tank Zap.

$3. Florida Creations, POB 16422, Jacksonville, FL 32245.

See those bats and dragons with new animated adventure game, Caves of Zulu. Needs 16K RAM. $19.95 plus $2 P&H. Stuart Software, 25381-G Alicia Pkwy., Suite 316, Laguna Hills, CA 92653, 714/855-4753.

Build a 16K RAM for $39.95, option¬ al plastic case $4.95. Assembled 16K RAM $44.95. Add $2.95 P&H, FL residents add 5%. 90-day warranty, layaway available. Laserscan Elec¬ tronics Corp., 2305 Broadway, Riv¬ iera Beach, FL 33404, 305/842-4255.

Personal Weight Control Program helps tailor and monitor your diet. Tape and guide available from IPS distributors for $29.95. Interna¬ tional Publishing and Software,

3952 Chesswood Dr., Downsview, Ont. Canada M3 J 2W6, 416/636-9409.

Working Mother's Dilemma offers four 2K games: Mad Dash, Carfool, Harried Housewife and Shopping Mall. $14.95 (CA residents add 6%). 2-Bit Software, POB 2036, Del Mar, CA 92014, 619/481-3629.

The SoecialWare Directory lists instructional, administrative, pro¬ fessional and evaluation software for special education. Expect some but not lots of ZX/TS software, out late May. LINC, 1875 Morse Rd., Suite 215, Columbus, OH 43229, 614/263-2123.

Sell your programs through on-line referrals to software publishers. Listing and one program category, $20, extra categories $5 each.

Blind box service $10. Program¬ mers' Pipeline, POB 666, Glendora, CA 91740, 213/914-4317.

PROGRAM IMPROVEMENTS

Here's a more efficient way to sim¬ ulate ON GOTO statements (Feb. 83). Look at this short program:

To adapt it ^change line_30_to:

This line directs the computer to the designated line numbers when an A value matches. When A does not equal a listed value, the computer goes to line 0. Thus, the last part (40 AND A<1 OR A>4) sends the computer to the next line number.

Carl Bush, Baltimore, MD

Joe Glass noted his program Office Manager (Apr. 83) gives an error 5 when you view files. Add:

George T. Milonas, Tacoma, WA

In Office Manager, menu choices 3 and 9 incorrectly imply you can alter phone book and report files. The word "ALTER" should read "ADD."

To alter files, add this line: 2906 PRINT L

When you choose menu item 12 the slot number prints before the line. Then enter in the immediate . mode: LET F$ (slot) ="altered information" GOTO 2900

Also, the program cannot reach line 250; it serves no purpose.

R.B. Mason, Arlington, VA

3

TIMEX MAKES THE

COMPUTER,

BUT WE MAKE IT TICK.

If you own a TS-1000 or ZX-81 computer and want to bring out the power within it, you’ll want Memotech. From easier input to high quality output and greater memory, Memotech makes the add-ons you demand. Every Memotech peripheral comes in a black anodized aluminum case and is designed to fit together in “piggy back” fashion enabling you | I to continue to add on and still keep an integrated system look. . .

MEMOPAK RAM All Memopak RAMs are directly addressable, user transparent, are neither switched nor paged and no additional power supply is required. You can also choose the Memopak RAM which is just right for your needs. From economy to power. 16K RAM The Memopak l6K RAM is the most economical way to add memory to your TS-1000. It is fully compatible with the Timex or Memotech l6K RAMs to provide you with up to 32K of RAM. The 16K RAM also offers additional add-on capabilities through its “piggy back” connection. 32K RAM The 322K Memopak enables you to execute sophisticated programs and store large data bases and like the 16K RAM is fully compatible with Timex’s or Memotech’s 16K RAMs to give you a full 48K of RAM. 64K RAM The 64K Memopak is powerful | - enough to turn your TS-1000 into a computer with capabilities suitable for business and educational use. It

I _ I accepts such BASIC commands as 10 DIM A (9000). MEMOCALC Memocalc, our spreadsheet analysis

software, enables TS-1000 users to perform complex number crunching routines with ease. With i -

the 64K RAM a table of up to 7000 numbers with up to 250 rows or 99 columns can be specified.

Quick revisions can be achieved by entering new data to your formula.

MEMOTECH KEYBOARD For ease of operation, the Memotech keyboard is a high quality standard typewriter keyboard, with TS-1000 legends. The keyboard is cable connected to a buffered

interface which is housed in a standard Memopak case and plugs directly into the back of the ' - ^ -

I ~ I TS-1000 or other Memopaks. MEMOPAK HRG The Memopak High Resolution Graphics, with

up to 192 by 248 pixel resolution, enables display of high resolution “arcade game” style graphics through its resident 2K EPROM, programmed with a full range of graphics subroutines.

CENTRONICS PARALLEL AND RS232 INTERFACES | -

Memotech’s Interfaces enable your TS-1000 to use a wide range of ill

1 " . I compatible printers. The resident software in the units gives the '

complete ASCII set of characters. Both Memopak Interfaces provide lower case character capabilities and up to 80 column printing. The RS232 Interface is also compatible with modems and terminals.

SEIKOSHA GP IOOA PRINTER The Seikosha GP 100A uses a 5x7 dot matrix printing format with

ASCII standard upper and lower case character set. Printing speed is 30 characters/second with a *“ - - 1

maximum width of 80 characters. The printer uses standard fanfold paper up to I I

9-1/2 inches wide. The GP 100A is offered as a package including cable and I code: stx-5 , 1

1 interface. Other printer packages are also j , - j

rwwi available through Memotech. |32kram _ 99^5 _ I

ORDER AT NO RISK. All Memotech I MKRAM _ ww ' _ I

products carry our 10 day money back |

guarantee. If you’re not completely j High Resown Graphics "99.95

satisfied, return it within ten days and we j Centronics Parallel Interface 74.95

I will give you a full refund. And every | 18232 lnterface - ^ _

fe Product comes with a six j - ZS~

i - - - . month warranty. Should anything be * Shipping and Handling 4.95 $ 4.95 |

defective with your Memotech product, return it to us and we will repair or replace I Thx (Colorado residents only) |

it free of charge. Dealer inquiries welcome. To order any Memotech product use - - - - 1

the order coupon or call our toll-free number 800 / A62-OQ4Q I

J J * . check MasterCard Visa

TS-1000 is a registered trademark of Timex Corp.

m

m 1|

_ aiiiii

CORPORATION

7550 West Yale Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80227, 303/986-1516, TWX 910-320-2917

| 16K RAM

$ 49.95

| 32KRAM

99.95

| 64K RAM

149.95

| Memocalc

4995

1 Keyboard with Interface

99.95

1 High Resolution Graphics

99-95

1 Centronics Parallel Interface

74.95

, RS232 Interface

99 95

| Printer Cable

1995

] GP 100A Printer Package**

39900

* Shipping and Handling

4.95

$ 4.95 |

1 Thx (Colorado residents only)

1 TOTAL $

*A11 prices quoted in U.S. dollars. Prices and specifications subject to change without notice. |

| **Please add an additional $5.00 for printer shipping charges.

| Check MasterCard Visa

1 Account No.

Exd.

1

! \ >

« Name

1

Phone number

j Address

State

HARDWARE REVIEW

Product: Sun KD-81 full-size

keyboard conversion for the ZX/TS

From: Suntronics Co., Inc.

12621 Crenshaw Blvd. Hawthorne, CA 90250 Price: $69.95 plus $4 (P&H)

CA residents add 6%

"Easy to install no soldering, no modifications," said the ad. Guess what? It was right!

In five minutes I felt like a professional programmer, efficient¬ ly inputting on a fast, full-sized keyboard. Installation is easy:

1. Remove three screws under foot pads securing ZX/TS case and two screws holding ZX/TS PCB. Remove the bottom case, then the two screws holding the top case.

2. Unplug the two ribbon cables from the ZX/TS keyboard.

3. Attach the PCB to the KD-81 case with four screws and washers.

4. Plug the two ribbon cables from the KD-81 keyboard into the KD-81 keyboard case.

5. Close the case and install the remaining four screws in the bottom of the KD-81 case. (All screws and washers are supplied.)

You get a professional-looking full-size keyboard with 41 keys, including a full-size space bar and shift keys on both sides of the keyboard. Keytops spell out com¬ mands and illustrate graphics for easy entry. Two colors make the keys easy to read. High-impact black plastic and vaporized metal shielding enclose the keyboard.

I like the unit's close resem¬ blance to the original keyboard; following the ZX/TS manual is easy as pie. The new shift key where the space key was and the full-size space bar make touch typing con¬ venient and comfortable.

I highly recommend this prod¬ uct to Timex Sinclair users.

Daryl Faulkner, Fountain Valley, CA

5

ZEBRA JOYSTICK ADAPTOR

joystick action games]

Allows you to connect any Atari compatible joystick to your ZX81 or TS1 000

8 DIRECTIONS & FIRE CONTROL

6 JOYSTICK GAMES $9.95 ATARI JOYSTICK $6.50 ADAPTOR $19.95

The ZEBRA Joystick Adaptor comes assembled and tested with simple instructions to make joystick versions of most action games.

Use your own Atari compatible joystick or add $6.50 for a genuine Atari Joystick.

15 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE

EXPANSION CONNECTOR FOR YOUR MEMORY, PRINTER, ETC.

SIMPLY PLUG IT IN.

ACCEPTS ANY ATARI-COMPATIBLE JOYSTICK ^

ONLY

$19.95

WITHOUT SPEAKER

$24.95

WITH SPEAKER

BLIPPO

EXPANSION

CONNECTOR

Add amazing sound effects to your games. Easy to program in BASIC.

Wide frequency range.

Assembled and tested, with Demo software

ZEBRA LIGHT PEN

Fun to experiment in BASIC

Complete package includes -Light Pen

-Computer Interface Module -Demo Program Listings

Assembled & Tested

ORDER C109 $24.95

AMAZING SOUND EFFECTS

SPEAKER

MODULE

SUPERGAMES

PROTOTYPING?

EXPERIMENTING?

30

MONSTER

MAZE

Cl 13 $14.95

cm

UNIVERSAL PATTERN FOR IC’S, CAPS, ETC.

C102 BYTING DEEPER INTO YOUR TS1000 . . . C103 NOT JUST 30 PROGRAMS FOR THE ZX81 C104 COMPLETE T/S BASIC COURSE .

Cl 12

PIGGY BACK RAM OR OTHER PERIPHERALS

C110

ALL SIGNALS LABELED

GOBBLE

MAN

Cl 14 $14.95

C110 Keyed & Labeled ZX Connector $5.95 C111 Universal Prototyping Board . . $9.95 Cl 1 2 Expansion Connector . $2.50

C105 UNDERSTANDING YOUR ZX81 ROM ... . C106 MACHINE LANGUAGE MADE SIMPLE . . . C107 THE INS & OUTS OF THE TS1000 & ZX81

IMPORTANT! All ZEBRA products can be piggybacked in any order. Your memory, printer, etc. will plug into the last one.

Order Toll Free 800-221-0916

15 DAY MONEY BACK GUARANTEE ON ALL ZEBRA HARDWARE.

Tech Info & NY State call (212) 296-2385 9-5 EST

ZEBRA SYSTEMS, INC

ADD $2.00 PER ORDER FOR SHIPPING.

WE ACCEPT VISA, MASTERCARD, CHECKS, M.O.

COD. ADD $3.00 EXTRA.

NY RESIDENTS ADD SALES TAX. OVERSEAS, FPO, APO, ADD 1 0%. DEALER DISCOUNTS AVAILABLE.

78-06 Jamaica Avenue, Woodhaven, New York 11421

THE ZX/TS AND 2716 450ns EPROMS

You may run into trouble using 450ns 2916 EPROMs on your ZX/TS. Though the PROM programs and veri¬ fies in the programmer, it won't function. The problem results from inadequate speed the EPROM must respond in less than 427ns; most 2716s offer 450ns response.

Let's examine an operating tim¬ ing cycle to see where the problem lies, then look at available solu¬ tions. You'll see why you can pro¬ gram and verify a 450ns EPROM, but you cannot use it.

Consider all Z80 CPU instruc¬ tions in a ZX/TS computer as a se¬ quence of basic machine operations. The most fundamental of these is an operation-code fetch (OFC) , called machine cycle 1 or simply Ml. With this operation the CPU fetches the instructions to execute from the program stored in memory.

Each machine cycle is divided further into a series of T states.

For example, the basic Ml cycle consists of four T states. The processor's frequency (3.25 MHz for the ZX/TS's Z-80A) determines the length of each T state. So each T state's period is 1/3.25 micro¬ seconds or 308ns.

Examining an OCF timing dia¬ gram, we see that MREQ NOT goes low halfway through the first T state and that the CPU reads the data on the bus with the rising edge of the third T state. Ideally then the memory device has only 3/2 T states to get ready to be read in an Ml OCF operation if the MREQ NOT sig¬ nal is used in the device's address decoding (as is usual). This time amounts to 462ns.

Unfortunately, propagation de¬ lays through the decoder used to select the particular memory device reduce this time. Each LSTTL gate used delays the device select sig¬ nal by about 5ns. For example, an MREQ NOT signal might be delayed about 35ns when delivered through

At last a reference manual which covers all the hardware

_ aspects oftheTS 1000 -includes

fSldOO |comP*ete circuit diagrams!

Orders to: MELBOURNE HOUSE SOFTWARE

Dept. CS 347 Reedwood Drive, Nashville, TN 37217

Dealer orders and queries: 800/251-5900 (ask for a Melbourne House operator)

Visa and M/C orders

can be phoned in: 615/361-3738

BOOKS:

25895 The Complete Basic Course $34.5

25957 Machine Language Programming

Made Simple $14.9

20922 The Complete Timex/Sinclair

ROM Disassembly $19.9

26025 Not Only 30 Programs $9.9

25913 Understanding Your ZX81 ROM $14.9

51539 InsandOuts $12.9

TAPES:

13941 Gamestapel:llPrograms-lK $14.9

n 13942 Gamestape2:3Games-i6K

13943 Gamestape 3: Catacombs Adventure-16K

1 3944 Gamestape 4: 3D Monster Maze -16K

13945 Gamestape 5: 3D Orbiter-l6K 26446 Space Trek -16K

26359 Super invasion -IK [ 26318 WallBusters-IK

26472 10 Exciting Programs-lK r 26284 Reversi-IK

26406 TOOlbOX-IK

26490 Basic Course 2 cassette pack

14026 Combat Flight-16K

TOTAL: $_ Residents of ca, md, tn

please add sales taxes: _

Add $2 for Shipping & Handling,

foreign orders add $6: _

Enclosed is my check or money order for $ _

Please charge my Visa or MasterCard card#. Signature _

expiration date.

MELBOURNE HOUSE SOFTWARE

two halves of a 74LS139 decoder.

The time available to the memory device is therefore reduced to 462 minus 35ns, or 427ns.

Maximum CE NOT to output delay (tpE) of a 2716 450ns EPROM is 450ns. Some offer an access time lower than 450ns but others are near the limit. Using 450ns EPROMs in a system running at 3.25 MHz is therefore marginal at best.

You have two options: use EPROMs with a shorter access time (you can now get single 2716-1 350ns EPROMs for $4.50), or insert a wait state into every Ml cycle, increasing the time available to the memory device by one T state to 769ns (ideally). See Figure 1.

Ordinary memory read opera¬ tions add an additional half T state before the CPU samples the data on the bus. In other words, the memory device has 615ns to get ready. This extra delay can lead to the frustrating phenomenon of being able to verify a 450ns EPROM

MODULES FOR:

TIMEX-Sinclair

MODEM $119 .95 (RS-232) Port & Software

$149." ASSEMBLED

Included)

64-K MEMORY $129.??T

the “ULTIMATE MEMORY" FEATURES: $139.K ASSEMBLED

Battery backup K .

PROM/ROM socket

Reset Switch

_ * BYTE-BACK EXCLUSIVE FULL 64-K

The 0-8K area is available. You can execute a copy routine (provided) to copy the TIMEX ROM into the 0-8K area of RAM then flip a switch and you have your operating system in RAM. You can modify it and create your own customized operating system.

WHY PAY MORE FOR LESS FEATURES?

GET THE “ULTIMATE MEMORY" BYTE-BACK UM-64

A COMPANY YOU CAN DEPEND ON

BYTE-BACK CO. is the oldest and one of the world’s largest suppliers of modules for the ZX81 and TIMEX-Sinclair 1000 computers. There are thousands of BYTE-BACK modules in use with a track record of proven reliability.

RS-232 PRINTER INTERFACE Only $59.** KIT $69.“ ASSEMBLED CONTROL MODULE 8 Relays, 8 Inputs, $59.95 KIT $69“ ASSEMBLED

16K MEMORY UM16 $59.95 kit $69.k assembled & tested. Battery backup, reset switch, PROM/ROM socket PLUS. . . .

1 year, 100% trade-in credit towards the UM-64.

BYTE BACK CO. [ 1 3

Rt. 3, Box 147, Brodie Road lLZ,5r |

Leesville, S.C. 29070 _ ®

ORDER PHONE 803-532-5812 PfjgP T7T?

Add $4.95 shipping & handling to all orders. ■■■■*!''-■' X_y|

90 Day Warranty On All Modules. 10 Day Return Priviledge

with your ZX/TS EPROM programmer, but being unable to use it.

Paul Hunter, Okemos, MI

This circuit is not implemented in Hunter's non-volatile RAM. AZ

Figure 1. adding one wait state to an mi cycle

Schematic courtesy Zilog Inc.

+5 to pins 14, 13, 10, 1 of 7474 0V to pin 7 of 7474

DECIMAL TO FLOATING POINT BINARY

John Bowden describes an inter¬ esting pencil-and-paper procedure to convert decimal numbers to ZX/TS floating point binary (Jan. 83).

His procedure works fine, but is slow and can only handle posi¬ tive integers smaller than 2**32. Your ZX/TS ROM has a number conver¬ sion routine that is faster, not as limited and easy to use. You can even use it in command mode:

These three commands display a list

of decimal values of the five bytes for number n, in Sinclair-type floating point format. But this routine requires a lot of typing to convert one number.

It works by assigning a decimal number to the variable X0X, the last item stored in the variables area of program memory. The last- defined variable is always located just before the address held in system variable E_LINE. The second command PEEKS E_LINE to get the address. The third command backs up from that address and displays bytes containing the floating point number, exponent byte first, fol¬ lowed by the mantissa (decimal part of a logarithm) bytes in order of decreasing significance.

Yet, a BASIC program modeled after the preceding command se¬ quence gives problems primarily insuring X0X is always the last- defined variable. Avoid this prob¬ lem by using the variables start area marked by system variable VARS, rather than the variables end area marked by E_LINE.

Listing 1 shows 11 lines you can use to start any program need¬ ing decimal to binary conversion.

To use this program assign the decimal number (or numeric expres¬ sion) to variable X0X, and then GOSUB 50. When executing the pro¬ gram by RUN or GOTO, line 10 clears the variables area of program memo¬ ry. Thus, variable X0X initially gets the value 0 and becomes the first-defined variable. System variable VARS always holds variable X0X's address.

On executing a program line that assigns a value to a variable, the computer automatically converts the value to floating point binary form and stores it that way. Line 50 gets the X0X address from VARS. Lines 60-68 put each byte of the binary number into its own varia¬ ble. After the subroutine returns, the main program can do anything it likes with the information, held in variables ZlZ to Z5Z.

ORGANIZE and PROTECT your VALUABLE software library the COLORFUL way with ZETAPAKS™ from ZETA Computer.

Mix n' match your collection with these rugged-vinyl software "safes" in a choice of 4 COLORS. Now you can store your media TOGETHER with your instructions on the SAME shelf with your computer books.

$3.50 EACH or $38.95 Per DOZEN Postpaid

-COLORS-

BEIGE

TAN

BLUE

YELLOW

HOLDS ALL TYPES OF SOFTWARE MEDIA

Besides holding a 6" * 8V2" manual up to Vi ZETAPAK can hold 2 audio/digital cassettes

thick, a

or 2 stringy floppy cartridges or 2 of the new 3" micro disks or 6 514" floppy disks or 2 ROM cartridges (up to %" thick)

Ask you local computer dealer to stock ZETAPAKS or ORDER DIRECT: ZETACOM Dept. SX P.O. BOX 3522 GREENVILLE, SC 29608 ‘Specify how many of what color.

‘Send Bank or PO Money Order for fastest service.

‘COD is fast but $2 extra. ‘Please allow 4 weeks delivery on checks. ‘Foreign: US Funds add .50 each for Air Mail. ‘Purchase Price of $3.00 each ZETAPAK REFUNDABLE if returned unopened within 30 days. ‘SOFTWARE PUBLISHERS/DEALERS write or call for discount schedule. ..(803) 246-1 741 after 1 P.M. EST.

© tm 1983 ZETA Computer

This conversion routine uses unique variable names to minimize inadvertent re-use of the same names later in the main program. Reusing variable names won't bother the conversion routine, but the main program might go berserk.

This routine is reasonably fast, and can convert any number positive, negative, fractional, or any ZX/TS numeric expression.

C.C. Stadler, Orlando, FL

Listing 1.

9

CHANGE YOUR

TIMEX/SINCLAIR 1000 DISPLAY TO FULL COLOUR GRAPHICS

with

KOLORWORKS

LOOK AT THE FEATURES ! ! !

* Plugs into ZX81/1000 (edge connector)

* All text will run on the color tv

* Module contains it's own memory

* User defined characters & graphics up to

256x192 pixels

* Latest technology with TM S991 8 V DP

(32 sprite levels)

* Module contains extension of basic commands

including: PAPER /IN K/BOR D ER /B I N / SPRITE/OUT/INP / etc.

for $149.95

Use your KOLORWORKS immediately with a game cassette for $9.95

This delightful game is designed for hours of fun using some of the color graphic capabilities of KOLORWORKS. The cassette also contains a short program to familiarize you with some of the commands and graphics.

MAIL TO:

BRAINCHILD COMPUTER WORKS, INC.

P.O. Box 506 Pewaukee, Wl 53072

Price + Qty. _ Amount

KOLORWORKS

$149.95

CASSETTE

9.95

Shipping and Handling

4.95

$4.95

Wi. Res. add Sales Tax

My EH check EH money order enclosed

TOTAL

Name

Street _

City _ State _ Zip _

Please allow six to eight weeks for processing. Thank you.

For further information - Send $2.00 (credited to order) WATCH FOR:

"GAAMWORKS" -

Joystick Ports / Sound / Cartridge Slot

BANNER WRITER 8K/2K

Now that Timex's 2040 printer is available, why not use it to make computer-generated banners?

BANNER WRITER prompts you for a message, then PEEKS into the ROM to get each individual letter. It blows it up to 32x normal size, turns it sideways, prints it on the screen, then copies the screen to the printer one letter at a time.

Line 130 controls the back¬ ground try another value. STEP in line 70 and variable G in the FOR- NEXT loop control the height and thickness of the lines. In line 180, try using CH (from line 55) in place of CNTR. Generate inverse characters by swapping values in lines 130 and 150. Switching the order of A and B in line 180 ro¬ tates the letter another 45 degrees upside down.

Enter any length message.

Each character takes about 35 sec¬ onds in FAST to generate and print. Press RUN, ENTER to create another message; BREAK exits.

Joseph P. Williamson, Timex Users' Group, Gainsville, FL

lO

FULL SIZE KEYBOARD CONVERSION

FOR YOUR ZX-81/

TS-1000

Fully Warranteed For 90 Days!

SUN KD-81

If you're tired of not knowing whether your data got entered or tired of pok¬ ing data in with one or two fingers, then it’s time to upgrade your ZX-81 to a full size, professional keyboard. The SUN KD-81 KEYBOARD offers all the ease and comfort of imputting your programs and text on a fast and ef¬ ficient professional-sized keyboard!

KD-81 FEATURES

INSTALL

No Soldering

No Modifications

Full size keyboard with 41 keys

Two color silk-screened key tops for easy reading

Key tops have commands and graphics spelled out the same as ZX-81

Extra shift key for real keyboard- style typing

Full size space bar

Allows touch typing

Rear cutout allows any RAM or

expansion module to be plugged in

Keyboard comes with own cables

Keyboard case holds both keyboard and computer with room to spare

High impact plastic case with vaporized metal shielding

Easy assembly no soldering, no modifications

Measures 10%" x VU" x Th"

GET A BETTER PICTURE WITH SAMWOO

FOR YOUR SINCLAIR COMPUTERS

The SAMWOO provides a much better picture than your TV monitor. Includes easy-to-follow instructions for a simple modification. .

9" 18Mhz BANDWIDTH 12" 12Mhz BANDWIDTH

Green . $121.00 Green . $130.00

Orange . 125.00 Orange . 134.00

Add $7.50 Shipping and Handling for this item.

MONITORS

Features:

Composite Video Input/Output

Switchable Input Impedance 75 or 10K ohm

750 Line Resolution at Center and 500 Lines at Corners

Dimensions are 12.13" x 11.34" x 11.65" for the 12" model and 8.66" x 8.54" x 9.05" for the 9" model

Check out these simple ’nsta*‘ lation J steps!

1. Remove 4 screws securing ZX-81 case and remove 2 screws holding ZX-81 PCB.

2. Unplug the 2 ribbon cables from the ZX-81 keyboard.

3. Plug the 2 ribbon cables into the con¬ nectors on the KD-81 keyboard.

4. Attach the ZX-81 PCB to the KD-81 case with 2 screws, close case and install remaining 4 screws into the bottom of the KD-81 Keyboard case ...

And enjoy the comfort and ease of inputting your data on a full size keyboard!

SUmONICS CO., INC.

12621 Crenshaw Blvd., Hawthorne, CA 90250

STORE HOURS: MON.-FRI. 9:00 am to 6:00 pm SATURDAY 10:00 am to 5:00 pm

CALIFORNIA OUTSIDE CALIFORNIA TOLL FREE

213-644-1149 1-800-421-5775

(for Tech Info and Calif, orders) (Order Desk Only)

Mail Order Minimum Order $10. Send Money Order or Check to P.O. BOX 1957 DEPT. B, HAWTHORNE, CA 90250. VISA or Mastercard (please include expiration date). Add $4.00 postage and handling to order. CA residents add 6% sales tax.

DEAR EDITOR:

I am developing an interactive educational program. Unfortunately we are in a rural area at the very end of REA power lines over 20 years old. The system inflicts frequent drop outs and power fail¬ ures, real disasters after five hours of programming.

So I recently built a 15V regu¬ lated power supply and wanted a convenient package. I combined it in the same case as the battery back-up unit in SYNTAX, Aug. 82.

I built the full system as de¬ scribed, including filter cap and LED power indicator, but added a DPST power switch to control AC and output power (DC). I found with a switch controlling AC only turned off, the battery pack still supplies DC to the computer. I didn't want to unplug my ZX81 each time I shut down; now a simple double pole switch does the job.

I housed the unit in a larger chassis (Radio Shack 270-269), and used both new and scavenged parts.

My system works perfectly, with a total improvement cost (excluding power supply built earlier) under $20. A small price for peace of mind and non-disappearing programs.

Joseph Dominiecki, Wisdom, MT

If your printer copies the ZX/ TS printer buffer at address 16444 or 403CH, you have this problem:

Any floating point number with more than one and fewer than five lead¬ ing zeros (.01-. 00009) prints gar¬ bage for the second through last leading zero.

The Print-Ch routine at 07F1H carefully preserves the contents of the CPU's A register when printing to the screen. When the LPRINT flag is set, the Print-Ch routine falls through to the LPRINT subrou¬ tine at 0851H. This subroutine fills the buffer with Sinclair character code to output to the printer. Lprint-Ch leaves the A

register loaded with the value of PR__CC (counter for the printer buffer). The print-a-f loating- point-number subroutine at 16B2H outputs a decimal point, a zero, and loops up to four times, causing it to print leading zeros. The code for zero is stored in the A register. When this loop returns from Lprint-Ch, the A register is not set back to zero.

Put the ROM onto EPROM (as in John Oliger's EPROM project, SQ, Winter 82), changing ROM address 16BCH to FBH. Now the loop starts from the point where the A register is set to zero, correcting the bug.

Mike Wagner, Waukesha, WI

About a month ago I bought Sinclair's VU-FILE program, and it works well. I want to use Personal Software Services' QSAVE package with it, but your Nov. 82 QSAVE review says that it will not work with self-running programs, nor with those that are saved by name. Since VU-FILE has both these fea¬ tures, I have not been able to eliminate them. How do I modify VU-FILE to use it with QSAVE?

Paul Crecca, Tonawanda, NY

Load it up and get to the main menu. Hit BREAK to get to the BASIC listing. From here you can change the lines for saving to use QSAVE's USR call, or leave the old ones (put a REM in front of each to inactivate it) and add new ones for QSAVE . AZ

Is it true that Sinclair's disk drives are only sequential access and not random access, due to Sinclair BASIC? As a TS1000 owner, do I have any hope?

Ralph Hilton, Salt Lake City, UT

Sinclair Research in Boston says the "disk drive" about to appear in the UK is really a stringy floppy.

12

It runs a continuous loop tape, not a true disk. Thus its 3.5 second access is sequential. Sinclair's Microdrive, designed for Spectrums, will not work on ZX81s or TS1000S without a special interface. Timex may offer an inexpensive ZX/TS- compatible disk drive, but not in the immediate future. AZ

Freak your system out without using POKE or USR. Run this pro¬ gram, then try to edit a line.

Even CLEAR won't return it to normal .

10 GOSUB 20 20 GOTO 10

The system does not catch the re¬ sulting stack error in time.

Dean A. Cuadra, Los Angeles, CA

I want to mention the fine service I received from People's Computer Supply. On Mar. 16, I or¬ dered a Memotech Centronics Printer Interface from them. On Mar. 28 I had the unit not much more than travel time both ways. In addition to the fast service, they notified me that the price went down and reduced my charge. Service like this deserves praise.

In contrast, CAI Instruments has yet to provide a Stringy Floppy and CAI/O board ordered Jan. 31 (8 1/2 weeks ago as I write). When I call, I am told they'll go out "this week" or "tomorrow." Besides the slow service, CAI charges $10 more than its current ad states.

James R. Shoaf III, Santa Clara, CA

Thanks to Jon Harder for his low-cost, low-tech approach to solving the ZX/TS desktop tangle problem (Mar. 83). Two suggestions for lowering cost and improving results: First, ask for a correct

sized scrap of finish-quality ply¬ wood at the lumber yard. Interior/ furniture grade plywood looks good and won't cup (warp across the grain). I got a piece of white

pine ply (10x16x3/4") for $1.25.

Second, for the switched ex¬ tension cord, get a feed-through switch ($.99-1.25) at the hardware store, then dig up a spare exten¬ sion cord. Put the switch exactly where you want it for easy reach. You can easily install one in five minutes with just a jackknife and a screwdriver .

Bob Rettew, Derry, NH

I bought a Byte-Back M-16 RAM module kit, which I highly recom¬ mend, in April 1982. I had no problem with assembly and operation until I bought a Timex tape. It wouldn't load. After lots of frus¬ tration, I called Byte-Back. They asked if the program contained any machine code (it did), then told me I needed a modification.

They told me to cut the trace from IC U3 pin 9 to IC U14 pin 9, then tie pins 9 and 10 of IC U14 together. Since the mod I've had no more loading problems.

Like many others, I have some problem with RAM crashes. While troubleshooting my RAM for the loading problem, I noticed that touching my logic probe to pin 21A on the RAM edge connector caused the RAM to lose its contents. The schematic showed that pin 21A is a not RESET and my probe showed it was floating. So I tied pin 21A high using a 10K resistor to the 5V supply. This eliminated about 95% of my RAM crash problems.

Sidney E. Parker, Newark, CA

I found an ad in January's Creative Computing for Arkay En¬ gravers, 2073 Newbridge Rd., Bell- more, NY 11710, 516/781-9859, for keytops. I have never done busi¬ ness with them.

Steven Rohall, Pittsburgh, PA

Contact Ken Kaplan of Arkay for info on ZX/TS keytops. AZ

13

PERSONAL NET WORTH 8K/16K

Do you wonder if you will ever "get ahead" financially? Personal Net Worth keeps track of your per¬ sonal finances and figures your current net worth.

It calculates, stores and plots your net worth for 14 years. The table option shows yearly total assets, liabilities and net worth.

Once the array is full, the program lets you add years by de¬ leting the oldest year. With this routine, you don't need to reenter data in new array locations.

Lines 4000 on tell you how to initialize the program. DIMension each variable in line 4010 by pre¬ ceding it with DIM and pressing ENTER. For lines 4020 on precede each variable with LET and enclose words in quotes. For example, LET N$="NET WORTH" (ENTER). In line 4030, LET A(l,l) equal the 4-digit year you want to start with, no quotes necessary. (Delete lines 4000-4060 after initializing to save memory. AZ)

To start, GOTO 10. Pick func¬ tion 3 to SAVE. After reloading, the program self-executes to reduce the risk of clearing data. After entering data, do not RUN or you lose all data entries including initialization .

Lines 2080-2130 automatically scale the graph. If the current range of numbers doesn't fit your situation, change the values.

To print the table out, change PRINT in lines 2390-2450 to LPRINT (or comparable printer command) and delete lines 2460, 2480, 2490 and 2500. Line 2220 keeps the program from plotting a negative net worth.

When you choose the table op¬ tion to display data, the program stops after two years. Press CONT and ENTER to proceed.

Inverse graphics are:

990 DATA ENTRY 2999 SAVE DATA

1990 DISPLAY DATA 4000 INITIALIZE

Russell Crum, Canton, MI

14

TS 1000™/ZX8r OWNERS

Improve programming and game playing, too!

Easy to install - no wiring or soldering required

Clear Vinyl with key-shaped openings and adhesive backing.

TYPEX/81™ Keyboard

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Order by mail or phone. ^

216/234-2662 VISA & MASTERCARD welcome.

G ANH ART/E ARTHings

115 N. Rocky River Dr.* Dept. XI Berea, OH 44017

DEALER/DISTRIBUTOR INQUIRIES INVITED

15

12 issues only* $29.95 Save $5.45! Plus receive free

y software \cassette!

A new and unique magazine for the world’s most popular personal computer

The best add-on value for your ZX81 or TIMEX SINCLAIR computer

Now that you’ve got a TIMEX SINCLAIR computer make sure you get the new magazine that helps you to get the most out of it ... TIMEX SINCLAIR USER! And take advantage of our special bonus of a free software cassette ($15.00 retail value) with each subscription.

TIMEX SINCLAIR USER is published monthly. It keeps you totally up-to-date. It helps you make full use of the power of your computer.

TIMEX SINCLAIR USER covers the full spectrum of user interests. Education. Business applications. Home manage¬ ment. Games and family entertainment. And TIMEX SINCLAIR USER does it in an easy-to-understand style that’s authoritative yet friendly.

Each issue is packed with articles and information that help owners make use of the power of their computer. News about software releases. Reviews. Hard¬ ware developments. Reader question and answer column. Eight pages of pro¬ gram listings in every issue. New and unique user applications. How to pro¬ gram. Interviews. Special money saving offers to readers.

In fact, all the latest ideas and informa¬ tion to ensure that new owners and ex¬ pert users never tire of their computer.

FREE BONUS WITH YOUR SUBSCRIPTION

Packrabbit" Retail value $15.00

For any age or experience

Remember: the TS1000 was designed precisely for you. Whatever your age and experience in computers, TIMEX SINCLAIR USER can help you use the power of your computer.

SUBSCRIBE NOW and take advantage of our special offer. Only*$29.95 for 12 monthly issues postage paid. This represents a $6.00 saving over regular newstand prices. And remember, you receive a FREE BONUS with every subscription, a “Packrabbit” software cassette ($15.00 retail value).

To order call

800-543-3000

Mail to TIMEX SINCLAIR USER, 49 La Salle Avenue, Buffalo, New York, 14217

TIMEX SINCLAIR 1000: the price and technology breakthrough that finally made computers affordable.

TIMEX SINCLAIR USER: the magazine that helps you use the power of this revolutionary computer.

Name

Address City _

State

( ) Check

( ) Money order. Or charge to

Number

( ) Yes, I want to subscribe to TIMEX SINCLAIR USER at the special rate of $29.95 for 12 issues delivered to my door. In addition I understand I will receive the FREE software cassette with my first issue.

Use the POWER within your reach!

TS1000

ZX81

A good reason to order now! Receive a software program cassette of an ex¬ citing, new arcade game! “Packrabbit” is a regular $15.00 retail value. Free with subscriptions for a limited time only.

Ask for Operator 243. In Canada call (513) 729-4300 and ask for Operator 243.

These numbers are for orders only. Have your VISA, Mastercard ready.

U.S. dollars

Expiry _

Signature.

AD Code S5

NO MORE BAD CASSETTE LOADS with

THE Z-DUBBER

The frustration of trying to load a cassette program into your Sinclair ZX80/81 or Timex 1000, is this what you really bought your computer for? Why put up with It? Now you don’t have to. The Z-Dubber is a small device which connects between your computer and cassette player, improving your loading ease 100%.

The Z-Dubber also allows you to connect two tape recorders together, to create perfect duplicates of your favorite cassette programs. The Z-Dubber can be yours for $31.95 postage paid within the U.S., Canada & Mexico. Add $2.50 additional for other postal areas. Visa & Mastercard welcome.

FOR CHARGE AND C.O.D. ORDERS

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ASK FOR OPERATOR 225

For additional information or service, call or write:

BYTESIZE MICRO TECHNOLOGY FO BOX 21123 - DEPT. A - SEATTLE, WA 98111 (206) 236-BYTE

HARDWARE REVIEW

Product: ZX81 Keyboard

From: Memotech Corp.

7550 West Yale Ave. Denver, CO 80227 303/986-1516

Price: $99.95 (assembled only)

When UPS delivered my new key¬ board, I hastened to see what mar¬ vel Memotech developed this time.

Inside I found a full-size key¬ board with legible, all-white ZX/TS legends on the keys. The keyboard duplicates Sinclair's keyboard, but with full-travel keys and an extra shift key in the top right corner.

It took longer to unpack the keyboard than to connect it to the computer. The keyboard attaches to your edge connector via an inter¬ face in Memotech's standard product housing. The "black box" sand¬ wiches between their other prod¬ ucts. Besides attractive to the eye, the functional metallic blue

board is immune to the "wobble and die" syndrome common to most products connecting by the edge connector. The 12-inch flat cable between the keyboard and interface gives the keyboard free movement.

All Memotech products are FCC- approved so that no unwanted RF emissions bother your TV or stereo. I recommend it to anyone who values his or her system enough to buy only the best.

Jeff Pack, Seattle, WA

At SYNTAX we also enjoy our Memo¬ tech keyboard. I like the shift key in the upper right corner I can delete or move the cursor with just one hand. Contrary to Jeff's report, we find the interference level on TVs high. We use a moni¬ tor with little trouble. Also we find another change from the origi¬ nal ZX/TS keyboard the legends are located a little differently. Each key performs the same functions, but the command appearing over a key on the original now appears on the key and below the other leg¬ ends. Those below keys are on the key fronts. So you need to light your keyboard from the front so you can read the keys.

Our keyboard came with a sticky row of keys on the right side that we fixed by sliding the circuit board left. Now the keys operate smoothly. The connecting cable is a little short, so you must put your computer to the left of the keyboard.

Said Fateh of Memotech tells us that Bill Wright of Sinclair Users' Network (SUN) called about the TV interference. Bill sug¬ gested replacing the computer's video cable with a good quality coax cable, preferably gold-plated at both ends. Memotech tested this solution with a Radio Shack 59/U (#15-1535) coax cable, not gold- plated, $3.99. Said says it clears up interference caused by any add¬ on. We have not tested it. AZ

17

SAVE ON SAVE AND LOAD

Save about 15 seconds when you save or load. Add this code some¬ where in your program (here shown at end) to auto-save:

SAVE with RUN 9995. Each SCROLL execution collapses the bottom line? 22 rounds collapse the whole display except last two edit lines. In SLOW the computer takes a while to unscroll to full screen.

Bob Berch, Rochester, NY

VENDOR REPORT AND NOTES

Has Frog Software, a recent SYNTAX and SQ advertiser, croaked? We've tried to get them on the phone for over two weeks? now it's discon¬ nected. If you have unfinished business with them, let us know.

Gwen Marsh of Brainchild reports they are back-ordered on Kolor- works. If you are waiting on an unfilled order, call Brainchild collect at 414/691-3903.

Memotech and its distributors have advertised RS232 interfaces for several -months, but no one has any in stock. We suggest you check periodically with Memotech at 800- 662-0949. They tell us to expect interfaces in the next month.

According to a voice on Timex's 800 line, the first issue of Ramblings, the Timex newsletter, is out. You should get a free copy if you sent in a warranty card to Timex. Questions? Call 800-24-TIMEX .

Call Dilithium Press, Beaverton,

OR, at 800/547-1842 for orders and info. Their latest. Using and Programming the TS Computer, is due out in June at $9.95. Someone an¬ swers tech questions at that number on Tuesdays and Thursdays.

TIMEX 1000 COMPUTER * OWNERS *

IF YOU OWN A 16K RAM MODULE THEN YOU NEED A “CRASH GUARD” TO HELP SOLVE YOUR WOBBLE AND CRASH PROBLEMS

* NO DANGER BUMPING THE MODULE

* PROVIDES A SOLID WORK BASE

* MADE OF HEAVY GUAGE ACRYLIC

$19.95

ADD

$1.50 S. & H.

VISA OR MASTER CARD ACCEPTED

EXPENSE CUTTERS PRODUCTS, INC. P.O. BOX 9543 RAYTOWN, MO 64133 (816) 353-1690

10 DAY TRIAL PERIOD “SATISFACTION GUARANTEED"

TYPIT

Does your word processor have these features?

Our TYPIT program does!

Character insert/delete with or without line wrap-around options, Line insert/delete, Move blocks of text, Scroll up/down, Page forward or back, Clear to end of Line/page, Search for text, Cursor control including home-up, printer support.

TYPIT is available on York-10 cass.

n n

N w

HD IIH

II II

a ii

i " in »

N

Should you tire of word processing, relax behind a game of BIOCAL’s Cribbage...our other programs include Checkbook, The Stock Exchange Game, Klingon Wars, and Biorhythm. Programs are $10 on cassette or $15 on stringy floppy. For credit card orders, call us:

Toll Free (800) 237-8400 Ext. 70

Write for FREE CATALOG or call (415) 892-1747 to Order by Mail.

Send check or money- order to:

BIOCAL

SOFTWARE

340 Cypress Drive Fairfax, CA 94930

18

i/noo'S

i tut I II i

Creations Inc.

Account

‘TOUCH-A-MATIC’

Your own PERSONAL OR SMALL BUSINESS ac¬ counting system. Contains refinements not usually found in this type of program. “200 Transaction file” can be SEARCHED, PRINTED or DISPLAYED. This program has been throughly tested, and improved through extensive use. m 4 Anc

ORDER No. 03-1022 $1995

$995

EZ-Loader

AUTOFILE

An ELECTRONIC FILING SYSTEM that can be used for ANY type of data. Set up your own DATA-BASES with this easy to use, menu-driven program with AUTO-SEARCH facility. * 4 ftcn

ORDER No. 03-1021 *195U

BREAKOUT

Fast MACHINE CODE arcade-type game. If you haven't tried THIS version, you haven’t played “BREAKOUF on the ZX81/TS1000. * A

ORDER No. 03-4028 $1495

POWER AT YOUR FINGER TIPS!

ORDER No. 01-0007

KOPAICS “TOUCH-A-MATIC” gives you the power to type more accurately and faster. It requires NO WIRES, NO SOLDERING. It’s as easy as removing the adhesive backing and pressing it into position.

LOADS & SAVES 16 K file in 26 seconds instead of 7 minutes! Cleans up signal for a cleaner load.

STRONGER, SHARPER DIGITAL SIGNAL

CLEANER, FILTERED POWER ENCODES YOUR PROGRAM AND/OR DATE Save time/Save energy

Baud rate increases from 250 to over 4000 bps. A

must for all ZX81/TS1000 owners. *onnc

ORDER No.04-1010 $OSf3a

COMPOSER

Enables you to play any tune through your T.V. speaker, your cassette recorder or through an A.M. radio. With ‘COMPOSER’ you can control the dura¬ tion of each note. And you can save your song on

ORDER No. 03-3012 $1995

G R A FIX

Draw and store complex images. Permits you to create, mix, and save your own screen artwork. You can mix graphics created with GRAFIX into another program. By itself or on tape. This program is a “must” for the CREATIVE PROGRAMMER.^ Mn- ORDER No. 03-6005 $1495

Z-99™ (Improved ‘M’-Coder)

Now you can write MACHINE CODE PROGRAMS on your ZX81/TS1000 with Z-99. The best true MA¬ CHINE CODE COMPILER for the ZX81/TS1000 com¬ puter. Simply write your new program in BASIC (or load an EXISTING PROGRAM), press a key and Z-99 will automatically compile it into MACHINE CODE for you. Give all your programs that SUPER— FAST pro¬ fessional look. Order Z-99 NOW to revolutionize your programming. Once you try Z-99 you’ll never write basic programs again!

ORDER No. 03-5271 $ 1095

ORDER FORM

TO AVOID DELAY PRINT CLEARLY STOCK NUMBER AND DESCRIPTION

Dealer Inquiries Invited

MAIL THIS FORM WITH PAYMENT TO:

KOPAK Creations Inc. 119 Peter St.

Union City, NJ 07087 (201) 864-4410

HOW

NAME _

ADDRESS

CITY

STATE

PUCKMAN

up to $9.99 to $14.99 add$2.00 from $1 5.00 to $1 9.99 add $2.50 from $20.00 to $24.99 add $2.85

from $25.00 to $29.99 add $3.45 from $30.00 to $39.99 add $3.70 from $40.00 to $49.99 add $3.95 over $50.00 add $4.25

Superb fast moving MACHINE-CODE fun. Have an exciting time playing this EXCELLENT version of the popular arcade game. * 4 jaK

ORDER No. 03-4027 $1495

CHARGE

visa[

MASTER I I

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INTERBANK NO-

Total amount enclosed or to be charged to my credit card

EXR DATE!

- MO YEAR

In Canada call Datronics (416) 496-2243

R.I.S.T. Inc. Announces

A FREE Subscription To Syntax Quarterly

Purchase A Parrot Speech Synthesizer You Will Receive:

A Subscription To Syntax Quarterly "$15.00 VALUE FREE" Exclusive Phrase Finder Program "$5.00 VALUE FREE" Speech Synthesis Instruction Manual "$10.00 VALUE FREE" ACT IMOW And Also Receive A Talking Casino Game Cartridge "$15.00 VALUE FREE"

WHY YOU SHOULD READ SQ

SQ brings you professionally written articles and reviews ' to keep you attuned to the finest products as well as the best bargains for your dollar.

NOW, through this package deal brought to you by i ‘.S.T. Inc. and SQ, speech synthesis has become affor¬

dable. Man's most powerful means of communication are yours.

HOW YOU CAN MAKE YOUR COMPUTER TALK.

The PARROT newly introduced by R.I.S.T., gives the power of speech to Timex/Sinclair Computers. This simple to use plug-in speech module is capable of generating all the sounds in the English language. The combination of these sounds, in the order of your choice, will generate an unlimited vocabulary of words, phrases, and sentences as well as an array of sound effects. Piggy-back

expandability allows other modules (eg. memory) to be operating with the Parrot simultaneously.

Paul Donnelly had this to say in the April issue of Syntax:

"Documentation is professional..."

"Overall, R.I.S.T.'s Parrot is an excellent unit and per¬ forms up to and behond my expectations."

Many different applications can be shared among this common software interface: GAME APPLICATION pro¬ grams for fierce competition between you and your com¬ puter can now be guided and accentuated with speech. HOUSEHOLD APPLICATIONS: Relieve the pressure of "one eye on the clock". Program your computer to give you a call when your on a tight schedule and your time in the shower is running out; call you when your roast is ready; tell you when your favorite TV show is about to come on. The possibilities are endless in solving every day problems. EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS: Generate a program for your child, bringing the overwhelming simplicity of listening and learning. YOU WILL ALSO RECEIVE:

An exclusive phrase finder program-FREE. This pro¬ gram enables you to select, string together and pronounce your desired phrases. It makes editing of speech easy.

A 40 page speech synthesis manual-FREE.

*See how certain sounds can be used to give your computer an unlimited vocabulary.

ACT NOW: receive a Talking Poker Game-FREE.

‘Mrrrcf

hear the power

SAVE $45.00

Send To: R.I.S.T. Inc. Dept. 2-5 (Fomerly Voicetech)

P.O. Box 499, Ft. Hamilton Station

Brooklyn, N.Y. 11209 - (212) 259-4934

Please send me # _

Parrot(s) Speech Syn¬ thesizers for my ZX80 ZX81 TS1000 at $89.95 ea. plus $4.00 sh/hd. I will receive a FREE subscription to Syn¬ tax Quarterly along with the exclusive phrase finder pro¬ gram cassette, the 40 page instruction manual and the talking poker game car¬ tridge; a $45.00 savings.

ORDER NOW LIMITED TIME OFFER

RUNNING MC IN A STRING VARIABLE

You can place and execute ma¬ chine code (MC) in three places:

REM line, memory reserved above RAMTOP, and a string.

Using a REM line lets you SAVE the code, but listing it can upset the system as it tries to interpret values not designed for display.

Using memory above RAMTOP elim¬ inates the listing problem, but the code won't SAVE. You must reserve the memory and reinstitute the MC each time you power up.

Using a string to store the code eliminates these disadvan¬ tages. But take care not to des¬ troy the string variable. Also, unlike the other methods, the code's start address does not re¬ main constant; the system moves variables as needed to accommodate program and display space needs.

So don't use a string to execute MC if during execution, the space used by the programs or display changes.

Finding the string to execute it is no problem if the string is the first variable assignment in the program. The first assigned variable is always the first vari¬ able in the variable storage area, no matter where that area may be.

To find that area, VARS, enter:

PEEK 164 00+PEEK 16401*256 The string's contents begin three bytes beyond.

This program assigns Z$, which holds the MC hex representation. Here Z$ holds two concatenated routines. The first 54 characters represent the 27 decimal codes for renumber. The rest is Syntactic Sum. Line 2 finds VARS+3. Lines 3-6 PEEK the contents of line 1, convert the character code to decimal, and POKE it into the space the Z$ assignment set aside in VARS. The decimal code occupies only half the space of Z$ check by PRINT Z$ after running but Z$'s length doesn't change.

RUN in FAST. It stops at line 7. GOTO 9990 to renumber the pro¬ gram lines by 10. It doesn't re¬ number GOTOs and GOSUBs. (After renumber, Syntactic Sum is 20570.)

Renumbering does not alter pro¬ gram space because all line numbers are held in two bytes.

If after running the program you delete lines 1-7, remember that RUN will wipe out the code. Ob¬ viously, do not reassign Z$.

Rolf Miller, Ventura, CA

20

TS1000 Support!

Software/Hardware/Books from GLSDSTOflE-^-ELECTROniCS

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Software

ZX Forth

A complete implementation of the FORTH language for the ZX81 andTSIOOO computer.

FORTH’s most distinctive feature is its flexibility. The basic unit is the word the programmer uses existing words to de¬ fine his own which can then be used in further definitions. FORTH is a compiled language so programs run very fast (typically five times faster than BASIC).

ZX-FORTH is supplied on cassette and is accompanied by extensive documentation:

56-page Users Manual 8-page Editor Manual

Z43 $29.95

Teach your children programming skills through a computer graphics language. It’s easy and fun to use! Included with your program is a comprehensive guide. (Tiny Logo is a sub¬ set of the popular MIT Logo) $19.95

KEYBOARD

with metal case

A full -sized professional keyboard for the ZX81 Features 47 keys and a full-sized space bar. Con¬ nects to the ZX81 with no soldering required, via a plug-in flexible connector. You can purchase the keyboard only, or the optional metal case that holds both keyboard and ZX81. Expansion devices (i.e RAM packs, etc) connect to the ZX81 edge-connec¬ tor which extends from the rear of the cabinet.

A professional keyboard makes program entry easier and less error-prone.

Keyboard K70 $79.95

Metal Case for keyboard

and ZX81 E70 $25.00

GLADSTONE 64K RAM

Fastload allows you to save and load programs at rates up to 6 times faster than normal. Change your old programs into new FASTLOAD programs and no extra equipment is needed. 7ri ciqqc

Travel the world with your T/S1000 - ZX81 Computer. An¬ swer the 12 riddles and WIN! ZX48 $19.95

The Complete ZX81 and TS1000 Library!

Machine Code Monitor and Disassembler

ZXBUG is a powerful tool for machine language program¬ ming. It is 4K long and uses memory from 71 EO to the top memory. ZX BUG works in hexadecimal (base 16), not deci¬ mal, so all addresses are a maximum of 4 Hex bits long. Pro¬ vides a total of 28 commands. 7/11 a qc

The Complete ZX81 Basic Course .

Basic Course Cassettes (2) .

Getting Acquainted with your ZX81 .

ZX81 Pocket Book .

Making the Most of Your ZX81 .

Computer for Kids, ZX81 Edition .

Explorers Guide to the ZX81 .

ZX81 Companion .

49 Exploding Games for the Zx81 .

Not Only 30 Programs for ZX81 : 1 K ...

Machine Language Made Simple .

Mastering Machine Code on your ZX81

ZX81 Rom Disassembly: Part A .

ZX81 Rom Disassembly: Part B .

Understanding your ZX81 ROM .

ZX Assembler

This Machine Code program occupies 7K of memory and lo¬ cates itself at the top of memory. The program is a full Editor/ Assembler and Monitor. Labels may be used instead of any string. The features include Line Insertion/Delete, Insert Characters, Auto Repeat on all keys. The Monitor has facili¬ ties to inspect memory, registers and run machine code pro¬ grams.

Expands the capacity of the T/S 1 000 or ZX81 to its maximum. User transparent. G64 $149.95

Cramic-81

CMOS 16K Memory

Cramic-81 is a 16K RAM pack using CMOS technology for permanent data retention. Data can be stored almost indefi¬ nitely and loaded almost instantly with virtually zero chance of error. An ordinary Rampack can also be connected simul¬ taneously. The two RAM units then occupy the same mem¬ ory area but either can be selected. Two separate programs can actually run alternately. ci ? $1 7Q

Z40 $14.95 - -

ORDER TOLL FREE 800-833-8400

In N.Y. (716) 874-5510

In Canada 1 -800-268-3640 Monday-Friday 9:00 am. - 1 :00 am E.S.T

Gtaasront

1585 Kenmore Ave.

ELECTROMG

Buffalo N.Y. 14217

Write for Gladstone’s

FREE CATALOG

Circle reader service number or write (no phone requests please!)

New from Gladstone Electronics! Our ZX81/TS1 000 catalog will take you where no one has dared go before.!

You will view the widest selection of up- to-date software, books and hardware add-ons available to get the most from your personal computer. This exciting new 34 page color catalog lists arcade, fantasy and family games, business and educational programs; books for 1 beginners as well as experienced

I users; hardware add-ons and other

& peripherals for use with ZX81 /TS1 000

m Home Computer! Use the convenient coupon and send for your FREE catalog TODAY!

CHARGE TO:

| VISA □MASTERCARD

Quantityl Price I Total

ADDRESS _ ^

SHIPPING

CITY: STATE 7IP _ TOTAL

To: Gladstone Electronics, 1585 Kenmore Ave., Buffalo N.Y. 14217

In Canada: 1736 Avenue Rd., Toronto, Ontario M5M 3Y7

CANADA: PRICES MAY VARY

ZX/TS USERS1 GROUPS

To list your group or to find a local one, call or write SYNTAX.

Columbus, OH: Gary Solomon, 1653 Brice Rd., Reynoldsburg, OH 43068, 614/861-3600 .

Guam: Sinclair/Timex Users Club of

Guam, Jerry N. Lorell, pres., POB 4011, Agana, Guam 96910.

Central Florida: Sinclair Computer Club of Central Florida, Darrell Stec, 650 N. Orange Ave., #428, Orlando, FL 32801, 422-5131 x428 eves., or Dan Wolfe, 5058 Nadine Dr., Orlando, 277-2905 eves.

Philadelphia, PA: Bell Telephone Computer Club, Orvis Kline, 4th FI., 1 Parkway, Phila., PA 19102, 215/466-4291 days, 876-0413 eves.

Tucson, AZ: Timex/Sinclair Users Group, POB 41795, Tucson, AZ 85717.

CLASSIFIED ADS: Reach almost 9,000 users for $9/line. Send ad 35 char, /line with ck. to arrive by 15th. Inc. tel. #, whether or not it's in ad. SYNTAX, BX 457, Harvard, MA 01451

PROWRITER PRINTERS: $399.95 ?? Yep! Get free specs w/sample output now. Tom Woods Box 64 Jefferson, NH 03583

NORDACK SOFTWARE-QUALITY ZX/TS 16K Games-BLACKJK, CRAPS, HANGMAN $4-3/10 LIFE-An exciting visual display !!! User sets scrn design and lets an amazing algorithm go the work MC.$8 BARTENDER! Great at parties. Show Friends. Store, retrieve up to fifty drinks+ingredients . Nice display $8 Statistics+ Business Programs-$8 EA REGRESSION- Forecasting -long term. EXPONENTIAL-Forecasting-short term. QUEUEING-Simulate waiting lines, etc BREAKEVEN-Make sales, cost decisions of business allocation problems. PLOTTER-PLOT data pts. Sets axes. !!!A11 progs documented fully !!!!! PO BOX 4009 SILVER SPRING, MD 20904

***f or TIMEX/SINCLAIR computers*** NEW! "IN-LINE" LOAD MONITOR": Load software like a pro! Guaranteed.

Compact. Detailed instruct. - 12.95

LOST IN SPACE - - 11.95

UNIVERSAL INVENTORY FILE - 16.95

UNIVERSAL MAILING LIST - 10.95

UNIVERSAL COIN COLLECTION— - 10.95

UNIVERSAL STAMP COLLECTION - 10.95

UNIVERSAL RECORD ALBUM COLL - 10.95

Each program on cassette + manual. 8KROM, 16KRAM. $1.50 S&H per order. $1 for cat. (Refunded with order.) N.J. 6% tax. WANTED: Retailers, Agent and Dealers. M.C. HOFFMAN CO., DEPT. SX4 , PO BOX 117, OAKLAND, NJ 07436

* *SALE ! - SALE! - SALE! - SALE! * *

LABYRINTH OF OAZXL IS THE ULTIMATE Dungeon Game For 16K ZX81/TS1000 ! ! ! Treasure! Fight 50 Kinds Of Beasts multilevel Graphics-Text Adventure! Actually draws Rooms And Halls! WOW! Tape $10: JLK SOFTWARE. 6 DUFFERIN PL, ST. JOHN'S NFLD . CANADA AlA 2V1

******M-z SYSTEMS SOFTWARE******

If You Own The Z-81 or T-1000 You Must Own The M-Z LEDGER And The M-Z LIST To Get The Most From Your Computer. Only $21.95

Each Or For More Information Send SASE To M-Z SYSTEMS, 1003 SOUTHCLIFF, PORTLAND, TX 78374.

FREE Program listing & NEW catalog loaded with software/hardware, books etc. Send two 20 stamps to;

JPR SOFTWARE, BOX 4155, WINTER PARK, FL. 32793. Rush... LIMITED OFFER.

***** METAGRAPHICS ***** USE THE FULL GRAPHICS POTENTIAL OF Your ZX81/TS1000 (16K RAM). 2048 CHARACTERS!! BASIC + M/C Gives You Total Artistic Control. Send $12.95 ******** CALLIOPE SOFTWARE ******** 4130 COE DR. NE, ALBUO. , NM 87110

******* Mother's Day Gift ********* WORKING MOTHER'S DILEMMA.tmFour 2K Games. $14.95 (6% tax CA res.) FREE Color Catalog. 2-BIT SOFTWARE, SY4 , P.O. Box 2036, Del Mar, CA 92014 *** Charge Orders (619)481-3629 ***

22

ANIMATED FUN*CAVES OF ZULU, CALVIN Glomb's Exciting Animated Adventure Is Now Available For 16K Timex/Sinc Only 19.95 + 2.00 S/H VISA/MC OK STUART SOFTWARE 25381-G Alicia #316 LAGUNA HILLS CA 92653 (714)855-4753

PICKLE MAN & MS PICKLE MAN! Eat dots & Pickle Monster! Both req IK only! List $2 (for both!) PANERO SOFTWARE 3309 Lewis, Long Beachf Ca. 90807

OUR POLICY ON CONTRIBUTCI^^RIAL^™™™"

SYNTAX invites you to express opinions related to any Sinclair computer or peripheral, or the newsletter. We will print, as space allows, letters discussing items of general interest. Of course, we reserve the right to edit letters to a suitable length and to refuse publication of any material.

We welcome program listings for all levels of expertise and written in either Sinclair BASIC or Z80 machine code. Programs can be for any fun or useful purpose. We will test run each one before publishing it, but we will not debug programs; please send only workable listings. Programs submitted on cassette can be tested more quickly and with less chance of error.

In return for your listing, we will pay you a token fee of $2.00 per program we use. This payment gives us the nonexclusive right to use that program in any form, world-wide. This means you can still use it, sell it, or give it away, and so can we.

We will consider submissions of news and hardware or software reviews. Please keep articles short (350-400 words). Again, we reserve the right to edit accepted articles to a suitable length. We will pay 7 cents per 6 characters, including spaces and punctuation, for accepted articles.

When you send in programs for possible publication in SYNTAX, please include the following information:

How to operate the program, including what to input if it does not contain prompts.

Whether you can run the program over again and how.

How to exit the program.

The Syntactic Sum (program published in Feb. 81 and Jun. 81; send SASE for a free copy).

What RAM size program requires.

What ROM program uses.

We pay for this explanatory text at the same rate as for articles in addition to payment for the program itself.

If you want us to return your original program listing or article, please include a self-addressed, stamped envelope. Otherwise, we cannot return submitted material.

**** TECHNICAL APPLICATIONS **** Software for electronic CAD and formulas. All in BASIC, on tape, with comprehensive instructions. Send SASE for a list of programs and prices to: Softec, P.O. Box 432, Fairport, New York 14450

LAND THE SPACE SHUTTLE . (16K) VECtor transformations simulate motion in 3-dimensions & test judgment/skill Cassette $6. 95 "DO LOOPS" WORKSHOPS 209 Maple, Harleysville PA 19438

IN-LINE LOAD MONITOR: Load

software like a pro! - 12.95

IN-LINE VOLTAGE DROPPER: Computer and Ram pack will run cooler with

fewer system crashes - 15.95

XN-LINE LOAD FILTER: Cuts hi-pitch

noise when loading software - 12.95

XN-LINE SAVE FILTER: Cuts hi-pitch

noise when saving or duplic - 12.95

PLASTIC RAM CLIP: End system crash

caused by loose Ram pack - 2.00

£LIG1T GUIDER: Clear vinyl keyboard

overlay with finger holes - 6.95

SPIRAL WRAP: Organize your computer

cables. 24 inch length - 2.00

N.J. 6% tax. $1.50 S &H per order!

M.C. HOFFMAN CO., DEPT.SX5

P.O. Box 117, OAKLAND, N.J. 07436

SYNTAX is published

monthly by a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Harvard Group.

Syntax ZX80, Inc.

RD 2, Box 457, Harvard, MA 01451.

Telephone 617/456-3661.

12 issues, $29. Single issue, $4.

YES! Please send me 12 issues of SYNTAX for $29. 5.83

D My check for $29 is enclosed. Please charge my MasterCard Make checks payable to: Diner’s Club American Express

SYNTAX ZX80, INC. O VISA Carte Blanche account

account number _

exp. date.

. bank number (MC only)

Publisher: Kirtland H. Olson Editor: Ann L. Zevnik Assistant Editor: Pamela Petrakos- Wilson

Editorial Assistant: Pamela K. Vinal

© Syntax ZX80, Inc., 1983. All rights reserved. Photocopying prohibited. ISSN 0273-2696

signature _ _ _

Name _ _ Title _

Organization _

Address _ _

city - State _ Zip

Day PhoneJ - ) _ Evening Phone J _ )

I own a Sinclair ZX80 Sinclair ZX81

TS1000

Telephone orders call

617-456-3661

23

ZX PRINTER PAPER: Your order ships same day. Super quality, exact size + save! 3-pack/$12ppd Can:U$14? E. Alvarez PO Box 1025, Oviedo FL 32765

///////// keycap graphics. /////////

DRY-TRANSFERS That Give Your 1/2" Keycaps Class: Blk. & Red: $7. DAY, 790 E. BIG BEAVER, TROY, MI. 48084

======== COTTAGE TECHNOLOGY =======

ACZ GENERAL LEDGER-Computer ize your small business accounting. $30.95

REVERSE VIDEO KIT-Display white letters on a dark screen. $10.95

Send a SASE for catalog.

COTTAGE TECHNOLOGY 5720 W. Little York, Suite 178, Houston TX 77091

INTEGRATED DATA SYSTEMS 11 Brighton Av Toronto Ont M4M 1P3 16K $51.12, extra 16K $43.84, Kayde Graphics bd $54.80, ZON-81 $49.28, Graphicomp educational $11.92 ea, P&H~ $1.50, VISA. 300 item Free list

PILOTS. "FLIGHT PLANNER" $11.95 + $1.50 P&H. provides Fuel, Heading, Distance & Time. "Weight & Balance" $5.95 + 1.50 P&H. JM SOFTWARE 1852 APPLEFORD ST., OTTAWA, ONT.K1J 6T4

SEND SASE FOR SAMPLE NEWSLETTER Cent. PA. Users Group.c/o W. Russell RDl BX539 CENTRE HALL, PA 16828

Bolton Road, Harvard, Mass. 01451

Tl-E

H\R\ARD

GROCP

z

MAZOGS-MOTHERSHIP-KRAZY KONG-QSAVE Memopak 64K-32K-16K-Keyboards-ZXAD Free Catalog! Subscriber Discounts "Z-WEST" PO BOX 2411, VISTA, CA.

2 Sample programs on cassette. $2.00 Plus SASE. Programs,

3763 W. Crocus Dr. Phx, AZ 85023

** ADD MEMORY THAT WON'T FORGET! ** * KIT $31:90 SASE details: HUNTER * *1630 Forest Hills Okemos MI 48864*

****** TREK TRIVIA ****** EXCITING 16K TREK LORE TEST TWO Sided Tape: Side 1 Multiple Choice Direct Answer On Flip Side.

Send $12.95 CK/MO To:F & J SOFTWARE P.0, BOX 124 GREEN VILLAGE ,N .J . 07935

Do LIST, SAVE, mods, backups. Tape for 8K ROM, 16K RAM. Life-Guar. New low price $9.95,ppd. N.J. Gipson,

43 Imperial R.D.#6, Coates, PA 19320

TRY WINKY BOARD II AT NO RISK! Copy ANY ZX/TS cassette, make LOADS easy $24, $18 kit PPD. If not pleased in 10 days return for fast refund. Our KEY CASSETTE LOADS & merges many programs into one. SAVES ANY ZX/TS cassette. $10 PPD. G. Russell, RDll Box 539, Centre Hall, PA 16828

24

U.S. Postage PAID

Harvard, MA Permit No. 8 01451

f

First Class